Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of the Pakistani Population Toward the Monkeypox Pandemic and the Associated Factors

Background Monkeypox (Mpox) is a virulent disease caused by orthopoxvirus. Mpox is emerging as a major global health threat. Currently, more than 100 countries are facing outbreaks. Pakistan, too, is witnessing the spread of this virus, with 11 confirmed cases and one death since its first detection in April 2023. Mpox infection can be diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and treated with antiviral agents. The smallpox vaccine is also proven to be effective against Mpox. Methodology This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors (KAB) of the Pakistani population toward the Mpox pandemic and determine the factors affecting it. Data were collected through Google Forms using a validated questionnaire to assess the population's KAB. In total, 1,511 individuals were included in the final analysis. Results Study participants had good knowledge of the disease, poor attitude toward Mpox risk and severity, and poor behavior with low adherence to recommended protocols. Overall, 58% (n = 888) of the participants were male, and most of the respondents were aged between 18 and 30 years (n = 743, 49.2%). Most participants were married (n = 983, 65.1%), from urban areas (n = 837, 55.4%), and living in shared households (n = 876, 58%). Age showed a significant relationship with knowledge level and behavior, but not with attitude. The 18-30-year age group demonstrated higher knowledge levels (p = 0.007), regardless of gender. Shared households were significantly associated with a higher incidence of good knowledge (p < 0.05) compared to independent households (p = 0.038). Additionally, higher income was linked to better attitudes and behaviors. KAB outcomes also varied significantly based on marital status, individual education level, and parents' education levels. Conclusions Population dynamics such as cultural norms, religious beliefs, misperceptions about the disease associated with sexual behavior, health literacy, education level, rural and urban division of the population, gender role, migrant and refugee population, poverty, cost-seeking healthcare, and distrust in the government and healthcare system should be considered when constructing a public health policy because the behavior of the population is important for the implementation of preventive measures.