A critical comparative study of the performance of three AI-assisted programs for bone age determination

Question There is a lack of comparative, independent validation for artificial intelligence-based bone age estimation in children. Findings Three commercially available programs estimate bone age after Greulich and Pyle with similarly high reliability in a central European cohort. Clinical relevance The comparative study will help the reader choose a software for bone age estimation approved for the European market depending on the targeted age group and economic considerations.