Bridging the gap: A comparative analysis of indoor and outdoor performance for photovoltaic-thermal-thermoelectric hybrid systems

This research evaluates the performance of a hybrid thermal-thermoelectric photovoltaic air collector system (PV/T-TE) through experimental investigations. By integrating photovoltaic (PV) panels with thermoelectric (TE) modules, the system aims to enhance efficiency and energy output by converting waste heat into additional electricity. The study examines the impact of radiation intensity, ranging from 455.65 to 795.18 W/m 2 , on the system's performance, utilizing output temperature (T o ) and plate temperature (T p ) as key metrics. Managing waste heat in PV technology remains a challenge, impacting efficiency. Traditional PV/T systems generate both electricity and thermal energy but suffer efficiency losses due to inadequate heat management. Integrating TE modules into PV/T systems offers a promising solution, but optimal configurations and performance impacts under varying conditions are underexplored. Limited research focuses on PV/T-TE hybrid systems, with most studies addressing PV-TE systems. The objectives of this research are to experimentally assess the impact of integrating TE modules on the thermal and electrical efficiency of PV/T systems under varying radiation intensities and air mass flow rates. The methodology involves setting up a PV/T-TE hybrid system, conducting experiments under controlled conditions, and analyzing key performance metrics. The study explores optimal TE module configurations and installation techniques to maximize heat transfer and electricity generation. Comparative analysis with conventional PV/T systems establishes the superiority of the hybrid system. Findings indicate significant benefits from incorporating TE modules, enhancing energy output and efficiency by maintaining optimal PV panel temperatures.