Altruistic leadership: A quantitative analysis of its effects on school culture, teacher integrity, and performance in Muhammadiyah middle schools in Indonesia

This study aims to explore how philanthropic leadership affects the performance of top Muhammadiyah Middle Schools in Central Java. It also examines how altruistic leadership influences teacher integrity, school culture, teacher discipline, and overall school performance. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of teacher integrity, school culture, and teacher discipline on school performance. The research follows a quantitative approach, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis. Data were collected from teachers and staff at 288 Muhammadiyah Middle Schools in 35 districts/cities in Central Java, using a multistage random sampling technique. The study focused on variables such as altruistic leadership, school culture, teacher integrity, teacher discipline, and school performance, with information gathered through questionnaires. The findings show that altruistic leadership has a significant positive effect on school performance and, along with teacher integrity and school culture, improves school outcomes. However, altruistic leadership does not have a strong effect on teacher discipline.