Cyber Defense in Quantum Technologies: An Overview

The rapid development of quantum technologies brings fundamental changes in the field of cyber security. Current encryption methods such as RSA, Diffie -Hellman, and ECC will become vulnerable with the advent of quantum computers, as they can efficiently solve the mathematical problems on which current encryption is based. SNDL (Store Now, Decrypt Later) attacks are a growing threat, where attackers now collect and store data to be hacked with quantum computers in the future. The development of quantum technologies requires significant investments worldwide, especially in the USA, China, Russia and the European Union. This article reviews the technologies of quantum computers, quantum machine learning, quantum encryption, and post-quantum encryption, and introduces NIST-standardized post-quantum cryptographic algorithms such as CRYSTALS- Kyber, CRYSTALS- Dilithium , FALCON, and SPHINCS+.