Analysis of the Effect of Bone Cement Distribution Patterns on Surgical Outcomes of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Objective: To evaluate the impact of bone cement distribution patterns on the surgical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Methods: Sixty-four patients with OVCF treated at our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were included and divided into two groups based on bone cement distribution patterns: the clustered group and the diffuse group. Both groups underwent PVP. We compared the incidence of bone cement leakage, operative time, blood loss, changes in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores before and after treatment between the two groups. Results: The number of cases with bone cement leakage was significantly higher in the diffuse group compared to the clustered group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of volume of bone cement injected, intraoperative blood loss, or surgical time (P > 0.05). Post-treatment, both VAS and ODI scores were lower than pre-treatment scores in both groups, with the diffuse group showing significantly lower scores than the clustered group (P < 0.05). No postoperative adverse complications were observed in either group. Conclusion: PVP is highly effective for treating OVCF. A more uniform distribution of bone cement is associated with a greater reduction in postoperative pain and improved functional outcomes. However, careful attention is needed to prevent bone cement leakage.