Data-driven surrogate model for wind turbine damage equivalent load

Abstract. Aeroelastic simulations are employed to assess wind turbines in accordance with IEC standards in the time domain. These analyses enable the evaluation of fatigue and extreme loads experienced by wind turbine components. Such simulations are essential for several reasons, including but not limited to reducing safety margins in wind turbine component design by accounting for a wide range of uncertainties in wind and wave conditions and fulfilling the requirements of the digital twin, which necessitates a comprehensive set of simulations for calibration. Thus, it is essential to develop computationally efficient yet accurate models that can replace costly aeroelastic simulations and data processing. To address this challenge, we propose a data-driven approach to construct surrogate models for the damage equivalent load (DEL) based on aeroelastic simulation outputs. Our method provides a quick and efficient way to calculate DEL using wind input signals without the need for time-consuming aeroelastic simulations. Our study focuses on utilizing a sequential machine learning (ML) method to map wind speed time series to DEL. Additionally, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed and trained surrogate models by testing them on a wind turbine in the wake and applying transfer learning to enhance their predictive accuracy.