Assessing the Impact of Generative Pre-Trained Transformers on AI Literacy and Public Awareness in India

Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPTs), a class of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models capable of producing human-like responses, have become widely adopted since their release. In India, this development raises questions about whether GPTs have influenced public awareness and interest in AI. Understanding this influence is crucial, particularly in the context of AI literacy. This study examines the impact of GPT adoption on creating increased awareness and public interest in AI in India. AI literacy is assessed using the four-factor framework proposed by Ng et al., (2021): knowledge and understanding of AI, uses and applications, evaluation and creation of new solutions, and ethical considerations. Information-seeking behavior serves as the theoretical foundation for examining changes in public interest across these dimensions. Google search volumes from 2020 to 2024 are analyzed to measure public engagement, with data divided into two periods: 2.5 years prior to and 1.5 years following the initial public release of ChatGPT in November 2022. Welch’s t-test is applied to assess changes in search volumes across these time periods. The results indicate a statistically significant increase in interest across all four aspects of AI literacy. The adoption of GPTs has significantly boosted public engagement with AI literacy in India, enhancing awareness and interest across all facets of AI knowledge and application.