Study of Etiopathological Factors, Clinical Parameters and Culture Sensitivity of Patients Suffering from Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Background: Foot ulceration is one of the most common complications of diabetes, estimated affecting 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime. The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is infections, which are seen in 40%-80% of the cases. Initially antimicrobials are selected empirically for treatment of DFU infections. The main objective the study was to evaluate etiopathological factors, Clinical Parameters and Culture Sensitivity in a patient suffering from Diabetic foot ulcer. Methods: A prospective cross - sectional study was conducted at Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, involving 70 DFU patients. All the data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Among the 70 DFU patients, 51.43% were male and 48.57% were female, majority of the patients belonged to 51 - 60 age group with a mean age of presentation at 57.8 (?15.03) years Mean duration of hospital stay was 25.63 days. Majority of patients have diabetes for more than 5 years and HbA1c >= 7. Most of the patients belong to IWGDF/IDSA class 3.60% patients have atherosclerosis and 57.14% have neuropathy Ulcer is most common presentation with Staphylococcus being the most common organism.24.29% cases of multi - drug resistance were noted.97.14% cases recovered after treatment. Conclusion: Findings of this present study revealed that DFU are common in males and majority of the patients (27.1%) were from age group 51 - 60 years. Majority of DFU patients have poor glycaemic control and neuropathy and a significant number have atherosclerosis. Gram - positive bacteria are the predominant infections. Staphylococcus is the most common Gram - positive and Pseudomonasis most common Gram - negative infective bacteria in DFU. The number of multi - drug resistant cases noted is a matter of concern. Majority of the patients were treated with Debridement followed by SSG, I&D, Fasciotomy, and Amputation. Most of the patients have high morbidity. Most of patients recovered (97.1%) and only two patients expired. It is essential to educate all the diabetic patients at risk about good glycemic control, risk factors, proper foot care, periodic foot examination and neurological examination of lower limbs, prompt treatment of foot lesions and regular follow - up.