Role of material-dependent properties in THz field-derivative-torque-induced nonlinear magnetization dynamics

The traditional Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation has often delineated the linear and nonlinear magnetization dynamics, even at ultrashort timescales, e.g., femtoseconds. In contrast, several other nonrelativistic and relativistic spin torques have been reported as an extension of the LLG spin dynamics. Here, we explore the contribution of the relativistic field-derivative torque (FDT) in the nonlinear THz magnetization dynamics response applied to ferrimagnets with high Gilbert damping and exchange magnon frequency. Our findings suggest that the FDT plays a significant role in magnetization dynamics in both linear and nonlinear regimes, bridging the gap between the traditional LLG spin dynamics and experimental observations. We find that the coherent THz magnon excitation amplitude is enhanced with the field-derivative torque. Furthermore, a phase shift in the oscillation of the N\'eel vector is induced by the FDT term. This phase shift is almost ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ for the antiferromagnet, while it is almost zero for the ferrimagnet under our investigation. Analyzing the dual THz excitation and their FDT, we find that the nonlinear signals can not be distinctly observed without the FDT terms. However, the inclusion of the FDT terms produces distinct nonlinear signals, which matches extremely well with the previously reported experimental results.