RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF STUDENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

The article presents a historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of the system of student scientific research activities in European institutions of higher education. The evolution of this system is studied, tracing its roots from the birth of the first universities in the Middle Ages to the modern stage of higher education development in Europe. Special attention is given to analyzing the impact of world wars, technological progress, and globalization on the development of student research. The article examines the peculiarities of organizing student research activities in leading European universities, including the University of Oxford, the Technical University of Munich, and Leiden University. The role of student scientific societies in cultivating a research culture and shaping the scientific outlook of students is also analyzed. Attention is paid to the issue of financing student research activities, with various mechanisms for supporting student research considered, including state grants, university funds, and private company programs. The components of the student research activity system discussed ‒ such as the integration of research into the educational process, international cooperation, use of advanced technologies, interdisciplinary approaches, and alignment with societal needs ‒ demonstrate their effectiveness in training new researchers who can address modern challenges and contribute to the development of science and society. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical-pedagogical analysis of student research activity systems in different European countries. The research methods applied: historical-pedagogical, literature analysis, synthesis, comparison, and theoretical generalization.