A Design and Safety Analysis of the “Electricity-Hydrogen-Ammonia” Energy Storage System: A Case Study of Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant

With the development of modernization, traditional fossil energy reserves are decreasing, and the power industry, as one of the main energy consumption forces, has begun to pay attention to increasing the proportion of clean energy generation. With the deepening of electrification, the peak-valley difference of residential electricity consumption increases, but photovoltaic and wind power generation have fluctuations and are manifested as reverse peak regulation. Thermal power plants as the main force of peak regulation gradually reduce the market share, making nuclear power plants bear the heavy responsibility of participating in peak regulation. The traditional method of adjusting operating power by inserting and removing control rods has great safety risks and wastes resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a new energy storage system that can keep the nuclear power plant running at full power and produce hydrogen to synthesize ammonia from excess power. A comprehensive evaluation model of energy storage based on z-score data standardization and objective parameter assignment AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analysis method was established to evaluate energy storage systems according to a multi-index system. With an AP1000 daily load tracking curve as the input model, the simulation model built by Aspen Plus V14 was used to calculate the operating conditions of the system. In order to provide a construction basis for practical engineering use, Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant in Shandong Province is taken as an example. The system layout scheme is proposed according to the local environmental conditions. The accident tree analysis method is combined with ALOHA 5.4.1.2 (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) hazardous chemical analysis software and MARPLOT 5.1.1 geographic information technology. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of risk factors and the consequences of leakage, fire, and explosion accidents caused by hydrogen and ammonia storage processes is carried out to provide guidance for accident prevention and emergency rescue. The design of an “Electric-Hydrogen-Ammonia” energy storage system proposed in this paper provides a new idea for zero-carbon energy storage for the peak shaving of nuclear power plants and has a certain role in promoting the development of clean energy.