Benzodiazepines: Predominant Reported Acute Poisoning to Private Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi

Background: Acute poisoning is a major medical emergency that translates into morbidity and mortality across all age groups, it is a potentially preventable cause of illness and death. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological information of acute poisoning among the general population presented to the three campuses of a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at three campuses of a private tertiary care teaching hospital, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital in Karachi, comprising of records from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, of patients reporting acute poisoning. These records were accessed after getting approval from the Ethical review committee. Consecutive sampling technique was applied while data was collected. All cases of acute poisoning reporting to the emergency department with complete records were included. While data of those with any other diagnosis or incomplete record were excluded. Descriptive analysis was performed for quantitative variables. For categorical data frequency and percentages were extracted. The chi-square test was used to associate categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The total number of cases was n=518 out of which n=235 (45.4%) were males while n=283 (54.6%) were females and the maximum number of cases n=111 (21.4%) were associated with Benzodiazepines followed by insecticide poisoning and ingestion of rodenticides. Conclusions: The most susceptible groups to acute poisoning were found to be women and children. A prevalent agent that caused toxicity was benzodiazepines; the biggest number of cases occurred in April, while the lowest number occurred in December. The year 2020 was linked to the highest number of cases.