Identification of the Marine Coast Area Affected by Oil Spill Using Multispectral Satellite and UAV Images in Ventanilla - Callao, Perú

The primary objective of this research was to identify the sea and coastal areas affected by the oil spill that occurred on January 15, 2022, near the La Pampilla refinery in Ventanilla, Callao, Peru. High-resolution multispectral satellite images from the Peruvian Satellite System (PSS) and satellite images from the International Charter activation were utilized. Additionally, aerial images were collected using remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) over the coastal zone from Ventanilla beach in Callao to Punta Salinas in Huacho, Huara-Lima. The satellite images were processed at the surface reflectance level, and a classification technique based on object detection was applied to enhance image interpretation by analyzing shapes, sizes, textures, and other features. This method improved the identification of the affected marine areas. For the aerial images, photointerpretation was employed to determine the extent of the area impacted by the oil spill in the coastal zones. The results from the multispectral images revealed estimated affected areas of 10669.90 ha, 7049.19 ha, 1732.10 ha, 502.03 ha, and 972.78 ha on January 18, 19, 25, 27, and February 4, 2022, respectively. For the RPAS images, an estimated littoral area of 390.41 ha was affected by the oil spill from Ventanilla-Callao beach to Cascajo-Chancay beach in Huaral-Lima on January 17 and 26, 2022. The results were validated using data collected during field campaigns conducted by the Environmental Evaluation and Supervision Organization (OEFA), achieving an overall accuracy of 97.98% and a kappa index of 0.56. The information obtained from this study has contributed to the environmental evaluation and monitoring processes carried out by the Ministry of Environment (MINAM) and the supervisory organization (OEFA).