Metaheuristics Approaches Towards Secure and Optimized Routing in IoT: A Systematic Literature Review

Metaheuristics are versatile and can be used as a team intelligence solution in today's optimization complex problems. These algorithmic structures offer the capability to find solutions to optimization problems and decentralized algorithms, such as IoT routing and security. IoT is a network composed of objects that can communicate with one another in the IP world. However, this composition of objects presents various challenges, including efficient routing due to the heterogeneous nature of the network and security requirements. Thus, achieving routing security becomes crucial for maintaining the IoT network and prolonging its lifetime. This paper focuses on metaheuristics algorithms by investigating nature-inspired, swarm intelligence and other types of optimization techniques referenced in the literature. The paper also explores routing security and performance attributes associated with metaheuristics algorithms and provides an exhaustive review of secure routing across different heuristics techniques for the robust operation of the IoT network. Additionally, it discusses potential challenges and future directions for integrating metaheuristics solutions in the rapidly evolving IoT landscape.