Identification of Allium cepa L.-Derived Flavonoids as Potential Inhibitors of Human Serum Albumin Glycation in Diabetic Nephropathy: An In-Silico Analysis

Type 2 diabetes is a global health concern, with a significant economic impact. It consists of various complications. One of the major complications is DN (Diabetic Nephropathy). It is the leading cause of CKD (Chronic Kidney Disorder) and ESRD (End-stage renal disease). Current treatments are mostly inept; therefore, a demand is brewing regarding Natural (Bioactive) compounds as a potential therapeutic use case. One such is flavonoids which have shown combating effects against diabetic complications such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic. This review delves into the flavonoid potential which is extracted from Allium cepa L (Onion.) to inhibit human serum albumin (HSA) glycation, which plays a major role in the development of diabetic difficulties. in silico molecular docking studies and ADME analysis were used to identify flavonoids with strong pharmacokinetic profiles and binding energies to HSA. The results showed quercetin, kaempferol etc from onions have strong binding energies, showing that they can serve as effective therapeutic agents against glycation-related difficulties. These results can provide an understanding regarding the pharmacological mechanism of flavonoids derived from one leading to new routes towards natural therapies with respect to diabetic nephropathy.