Piston strength analysis and multiobjective optimization

As a key component that bears gas pressure and drives the crankshaft to rotate, the design of the engine piston needs to meet both the resistance to erosion in high-temperature environments and the sufficient strength to withstand gas impact after ignition. This research takes a certain piston as the research object, establishes its three-dimensional model through SolidWorks, and conducts a detailed static analysis in the ANSYS Workbench. Firstly, the piston model was meshed and its stress and deformation were analyzed. Second, by structural optimization, the aim is to decrease the weight of the piston, reduce the inertial force of motion, and achieve effective utilization of materials. In order to further improve the optimization effect of piston design, the response surface analysis method was used in this research to conduct experimental design for the four key dimensional parameters of the piston. The results of the sensitivity show that the four parameters P1, P2, P3 and P4 have a significant impact on the output parameters. Based on these findings, this research conducted targeted optimization on the piston, ultimately achieving a weight reduction from the original design of 0.41kg to 0.38kg, a reduction in the maximum stress value from 60.314MPa to 39.623MPa, and a reduction in the maximum deformation value from 0.017998mm to 0.00529mm while meeting the strength requirements. This research not only provides an effective piston design and optimization tool, but also provides a valuable practical reference for the improvement of the lightweight and efficiency of automotive power systems.