Progress in the Study of Diabetic Nephropathy Markers

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the principal consideration of end-stage diabetic nephropathy in China, second only to chronic glomerulonephritis. It is the most common complication of diabetes and the cause of death in diabetic patients. The clinical manifestations of DN are proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and progressive renal damage, and its continuous development can turn into nephrotic syndrome and uremia. It has been reported that urinary microalbumin, cystatin C and homocysteine are related to the diagnosis of renal diseases. In addition, pathological examination of renal biopsy, as the golden standard, plays a vital role in clinical diagnosis of DN. In the meantime, with the rise of biomarkers research, such as Genetic Markers, miRNAs and AGEs, we can evaluate the renal function of diabetic patients by detecting these markers as early as possible. Taking into account the above information, we focus on research advances in the association of microalbuminuria, urinary inhibitory C, serum homocysteine, renal biopsy and biomarkers with DN.