Classification and Identification of Frequency-Hopping Signals Based on Jacobi Salient Map for Adversarial Sample Attack Approach

Frequency-hopping (FH) communication adversarial research is a key area in modern electronic countermeasures. To address the challenge posed by interfering parties that use deep neural networks (DNNs) to classify and identify multiple intercepted FH signals-enabling targeted interference and degrading communication performance-this paper presents a batch feature point targetless adversarial sample generation method based on the Jacobi saliency map (BPNT-JSMA). This method builds on the traditional JSMA to generate feature saliency maps, selects the top 8% of salient feature points in batches for perturbation, and increases the perturbation limit to restrict the extreme values of single-point perturbations. Experimental results in a white-box environment show that, compared with the traditional JSMA method, BPNT-JSMA not only maintains a high attack success rate but also enhances attack efficiency and improves the stealthiness of the adversarial samples.