Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of gingivitis in children according to gingival cytology

The effectiveness of the use of PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm in adolescents with chronic gingivitis was studied according to clinical and cytological data. Materials and methods. A open non-comparative study of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis (ICD-10 code K05.1) with PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm was conducted. Thirty-eight children participated in the study, the average age was 14,9 years. Clinical dental examination included determination of caries intensity according to DMF, hygiene index OHI-S, gingival inflammation index PMA (modified by Parma), gingival sulcus bleeding index PBI (Saxer, Miihiemann). Cytologic examination of gingival fluid smears included cell evaluation, presence of atypical cell complexes, cytogenetic index counting, proliferation index, apoptosis index (according to Bazarny V.V. et al. (2019) and relative leukocyte count. Organoleptic properties of the balsam were determined on a 5-point scale. Results. After applying PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm for a week, an improvement in hygiene, a decrease in gingival inflammation and bleeding according to the PMA index by 33.54%, and bleeding according to the PBI index by 44.23%. In the gingival cytograms, the apoptosis index decreased after the treatment from 10.96±0.50 to 9.54±0.49%. The number of leukocytes decreased from 32.60±1.72 to 24.85±1.30%. Organoleptic properties of the gel were evaluated on a five-point scale at 4.46±0.43 points. Conclusions. Cytology of gingival cells allows an objective assessment of in fl ammatory changes in catarrhal gingivitis in adolescents. The number of leukocytes and changes in the apoptosis index of epithelial cells can serve as criteria for diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm has anti-inflammatory action and good organoleptic properties and can be recommended for prevention of catarrhal gingivitis in adolescents.