Factors increasing the hydroxycinnamic acids extraction from dandelion roots

Aim – to study the influence of extraction factors on the extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) from dandelion roots. Material and methods. The object of the study was air-dried dandelion roots. The HCAs content was determined using Arnov's reagent by spectrophotometric method according to the pharmacopoeic method. The influence of the nature, volume fraction of organic solvents, composition of extraction mixtures, temperature, duration, extraction frequency, medicinal plant raw material and extractant ratio, and medicinal plant raw material particle size on the HCAs yield from dandelion roots during extraction was established. Methanol, ethanol, propanol-1, propanol-2, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol-1,2, ethylene glycol, glycerol and their aqueous solutions in volume fractions of 20, 40, 60 and 80% were used as extractants. A dispersion analysis of the influence of these factors on the yield of HCAs during extraction was performed. Results. Extraction conditions providing the maximum yield of HCAs in comparison with pharmacopoeial and literary methods were experimentally developed. The conditions are as follows: extractant – 60% propanol-1 or a mixture of 50% propanol-1 and 10% acetone; extraction temperature – 80˚C; extraction duration – 6 hours; medicinal plant raw material and extractant ratio – 1 to 25; extraction frequency – single and medicinal plant raw material particle size – 500 μm or less. It has been proven that the physicochemical characteristics of the extractants, their volume fractions in solutions and extraction parameters have a statistically significant effect on the yield of HCAs. Conclusions. A statistically significant effect of the studied extraction factors on the yield of HCAs from dandelion roots has been proven. The developed extraction method statistically significantly increases the yield of HCAs by an average of 30% to 2.5 times in comparison with pharmacopoeial and literary extraction methods.