Distance and quadrant trace method for quantitative seismic interpretation: Theory and application to a synthetic amplitude variation with offset data catalog

Abstract The distance and quadrant (DQ) trace is a novel seismic attribute that enhances the detection and visualization of hydrocarbons in seismic data. Generated through a combination of partial near- and far-stack traces convolved with phase shift filters, the DQ trace offers several advantages over traditional amplitude variation with offset (AVO) attributes and inversion methods. We develop the DQ trace generation process, which involves quadrant optimization and the application of a modified AVO two-layer model equation. The method is computationally efficient and does not require a priori knowledge of petrophysics, basin geology, or wavelets. Concurrent phase angle analysis is used to compare DQ traces with porosity logs, demonstrating a strong correlation between the two. Synthetic models for different AVO classes are used to evaluate the performance of DQ traces in cross-section displays. The results indicate that DQ traces provide enhanced clarity and delineation of gas sands, wet sands, and thin beds as well as improved visualization of tuning effects and fluid contacts compared with conventional seismic displays. DQ histogram analysis reveals systematic trends across AVO classes and allows for the separation of gas sands, wet sands, and shales. The DQ trace is a robust tool for porosity estimation and has potential applications in various seismic processes and basin-scale mapping. In addition, we highlight the implications of the DQ trace for fluid detection and seismic interpretation, offering a new methodology for subsurface reservoir characterization.