The Assessment Of Whale Shark Distribution In Correlation With Climatic Changes Along The Coastal Regions Of Thailand

This study evaluates the distribution of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in relation to climatic changes along Thailand’s coastal regions. Global climate change, including rising sea temperatures, shifts in ocean currents, and increased ocean acidification, has significantly impacted marine ecosystems and the behavior of large marine species such as whale sharks. The research examines whale shark sightings in key coastal areas, including Surin Island, Koh Ha, and Mu Koh Chumphon National Park, over a 20-year period using quantitative methods. Questionnaires were distributed to divers, fishermen, and local communities. The results reveal that 56.1% of the 305 respondents reported encountering whale sharks, with the highest frequency observed at Koh Ha and Hat Noppharat Thara-Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park (30.4%), followed by Shark Point in Phuket (21.6%) and Koh Tao (13.5%). A statistically significant correlation was found between changes in sea surface temperatures and whale shark sightings, with the correlation between respondents' experience and perceived climate change effects (r = .389, p < .01) and the correlation between specific climate change impacts and mitigation and adaptation measures (r = .732, p < .01).          These findings indicate that climate change significantly influences whale shark distribution and foraging behavior, prompting shifts in their migration routes and habitats. The study highlights the need for proactive management and conservation strategies to protect whale sharks and marine biodiversity in Thailand. It provides crucial insights for the sustainable conservation planning of marine species across Southeast Asia.