Charge stripe manipulation of superconducting pairing symmetry transition

Charge stripes have been widely observed in many different types of unconventional superconductors, holding varying periods ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math> ) and intensities. However, a general understanding on the interplay between charge stripes and superconducting properties is still incomplete. Here, using large-scale unbiased numerical simulations on a general inhomogeneous Hubbard model, we discover that the charge-stripe period <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math> , which is variable in different real material systems, could dictate the pairing symmetries-d wave for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math> and d waves for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math> . In the latter, tuning hole doping and charge-stripe amplitude can trigger a d-s wave transition and magnetic-correlation shift, where the d-wave state converts to a pairing-density wave state, competing with the s wave. These interesting phenomena arise from an unusual stripe-induced selection rule of pairing symmetries around on-stripe region and within inter-stripe region, giving rise to a critical point of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math> for the phase transition. In general, our findings offer important insights into the differences in the superconducting pairing mechanisms across many <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math> -dependent superconducting systems, highlighting the decisive role of charge stripe.