Development and Validation of a Blockchain Literacy Scale

Background:The use of blockchain is increasing daily and has become a transformative technology across various sectors.The competent use of blockchain is becoming a fundamental skill.Although numerous studies have attempted to measure digital competencies, the absence of research specifically focused on blockchain literacy has left a significant gap.Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of digital literacy and blockchain measurement frameworks, comparing them with existing theoretical digital competence models.Methods: Furthermore, we introduce a newly developed Blockchain Literacy Scale (BLS).The factorial structure of the BLS is assessed to explore its multidimensional nature.A sample of 591 Turkish college students completed a questionnaire to empirically test its reliability, validity and general applicability.Results: Both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a five-factor structure for the BLS, comprising: information access, information evaluation, economic literacy, legal literacy and risk literacy.The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion:Directions for future research and the practical implications of the newly developed BLS are discussed in the conclusion.