Research on multi-stage rocket debris localization and recovery based on three-sphere localization

Advances in modern rocket technology have created challenges in the field of spaceflight with regard to the localization and recovery of rocket debris. In particular, in multi-stage rocket structures, transonic sonic booms are generated after the separation of the next stage or booster, which increases the difficulty of wreckage recovery. To solve this problem, a mathematical model based on multi-sensor data and three-sphere localization technique is proposed for accurately determining the location of the sonic boom point. The theoretical equations were constructed from monitoring equipment data and transformed into an optimization problem for numerical solution, and the longitude, latitude, altitude and time of the sonic boom birth were successfully determined. In addition, the localization and differentiation methods of multiple wrecks are studied, and the alignment and repeated verification strategies are used to improve the localization accuracy and reliability. Finally, the model validation is carried out by adding random perturbations, and the results show that the new model can still effectively locate the wreckage under a small range of perturbations, which provides an important support for the development of rocket wreckage recovery technology.