AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL AND RELEVANT SYSTEMS IN AZERBAIJAN: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

Azerbaijan, traditionally known for its vast oil and gas reserves, also harbors considerable geothermal energy potential that remains largely untapped. This paper delves into the geothermal resources of Azerbaijan, assessing their viability for both electricity generation and direct applications such as heating. According to the State Agency on Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources (SAARES), the country’s geothermal energy potential could reach up to 800 MW. The thermal waters in the territory of the Azerbaijan Republic span across 11 geothermal zones, with temperatures ranging from 30°C to 100°C, allowing for diverse energy applications. Key geothermal regions include Kelbadjar, Ilisu, and Bagirsag, where springs like Shikhovo and Ibadisu exhibit water temperatures between 36°C and 95°C. Additionally, balneotherapeutic springs, including IstiSu and Darydag, offer further opportunities for geothermal exploitation. The study also reviews significant geothermal wells in Jarly-3, Khachmaz, Yalama, and Nakhchivan Daridagh, where temperatures range from 26.5°C to 96°C, with corresponding flow rates and potential power outputs varying widely. For instance, the Jarly-3 well has a flow rate of 2000 m³/day at 92°C, capable of generating approximately 70 MW if cooled to 20°C. These findings highlight the abundant geothermal resources across Azerbaijan and underscore the strategic importance of developing these resources to diversify the country’s energy portfolio, enhance energy security, and promote environmental sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Azerbaijan’s geothermal potential and recommends approaches for its effective utilization to meet future energy needs. Keywords: Geothermal energy, thermal waters, geothermal applications, Azerbaijan