Risk factors for nosocomial candiduria in patients with bladder catheterization, diagnosis and treatment

Introduction: nosocomial candiduria is defined as the detection of Candida spp. in the urine of hospitalized patients who have a bladder catheter. Objectives: to analyze risk factors in patients with nosocomial candiduria.Methods: a literature review was carried out in PubMed, Google Academic and SciELO databases. Inclusion criteria were used, and search terms related to “Candiduria”, “Candidiasis”, “risk factors” and “urinary tract infections” were used to retrieve the records.Results: of the 92 articles identified, 19 were selected for a comprehensive analysis. The main risk factors associated with nosocomial candiduria in patients with bladder catheters included prolonged use of urinary catheters, hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU), immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, advanced age and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The most frequently involved species were Candida albicans (65,22 %) and Candida glabrata (20-30 %), highlighting antifungal resistance in some of these species.Conclusions: the prolonged use of bladder catheters, together with hospitalization in the ICU, are the main risk factors for the development of nosocomial candiduria. In addition, immunosuppression, diabetes and prolonged use of antibiotics play an important role in the development of this infection. The implementation of protocols that include the rational use of antibiotics, the monitoring of patients at risk and the improvement of urological procedures is key to reduce the incidence and improve the management of candiduria