Eco-Friendly Synthesis of MnFe₂O₄ Nano-Ferrites with <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Leaf Extract: Investigating Structural, Magnetic, and Antibacterial Properties

The Present work describes green synthesis, eco-friendly, cost-effective and energy-efficient method for synthesizing magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles, or AILE@Mn ferrites, utilizing Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AILE). Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, the AILE-mediated Mn ferrite’s crystal structure was determined to be a face-centered cubic structure with the space group Fd3-m. The structural analysis was performed by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), revealed well-defined particle morphology, with an average grain size of 59 nm. FTIR ranges demonstrated the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group at 1625 and 3440 cm −1 . Magnetic studies, including a hysteresis loop analysis, confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of the AILE@Mn ferrites. Further, the synthesis of AILE@ Mn NPs for antibacterial tested pathogenic bacterial strains were Bacillus cereus (Gram +ve) and Escherichia coli (Gram −ve). The results validated significant antibacterial activity, particularly in suppressing the growth of the harmful bacteria Escherichia coli .