Molecular Interactions of Barium Oxide Nanofluid at Different Temperatures

In many industrial and scientific applications, low heat transfer is one of the main issues with heat exchanger fluids. This covers refrigeration systems, heat exchangers in solar hot water panels, high-power transformers, and engine cooling. In order to cope with these problems in the thermal sector, nanofluids have the potential to be highly significant heat exchanger materials. Barium oxide nanofluids have a high thermal conductivity and are inexpensive, making them ideal for a wide range of thermal applications. Hytherm600 nanofluids based on barium oxide are synthesised and presented in this study. Dispersed throughout the base fluid, Hytherm600, are BaO nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.001–0.006 g). The FT-IR is used to characterise the BaO:Hytherm600 nanofluids. The ultrasonic velocity is computed between 300 K and 323 K for a range of concentrations and temperatures. Analysing a number of acoustical parameters, such as compressibility, free length, specific impedance, molar compressibility, Rao’s constant, relaxation time, internal pressure, free energy, and free volume, can help explain the behaviour of ultrasonic velocity. These acoustical parameters were calculated from observed values of ultrasonic velocity and density using standard equations and relations related to the molecular interactions among the particles and the base fluid. Variations in ultrasonic velocity and other computed acoustic characteristics are utilised to assess the heat conductivity of BaO:Hytherm600 nanofluids since adding a modest volume percent of nanoparticles to a base fluid greatly increases its thermal conductivity.