Exploring the Protective Effects of Astragaloside IV against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury in Rats

Background and Objective: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with significant nephrotoxicity, leading to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a compound derived from Radix Astragali, has shown promise in reducing renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Astragaloside in cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: A Normal control group (n = 10), a Cisplatin+Saline group (n = 10) and a Cisplatin+AS-IV group (n = 10). Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg/kg twice weekly for four weeks to induce nephrotoxicity. The AS-IV was given at 80 mg/kg/day. Biochemical markers of kidney injury and oxidative stress, including MDA, TNF-α, KIM-1, NGAL, Nephrin, creatinine and urea, were measured. Histopathological analysis of kidney tissues was also performed. Results: Cisplatin administration significantly elevated plasma levels of MDA, TNF-α, KIM-1, NGAL, Nephrin, creatinine and urea, indicating oxidative stress and kidney injury. The AS-IV treatment significantly reduced these levels, suggesting its protective effects. Histopathological examination revealed severe tubular injury in the Cisplatin+Saline group, which was markedly attenuated in the AS-IV treated group. Conclusion: Astragaloside IV demonstrated significant protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The compound reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathological damage, highlighting its potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate cisplatin-induced kidney injury in clinical settings.