The Analysis and Prospects of Concentrated Solar Power Technology

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has gained significant attention as a renewable energy source, driven by global trends towards energy transformation and carbon neutrality. This technology converts solar radiation into high-temperature thermal energy, which is then used for electricity generation, addressing the intermittency and instability issues of solar power. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technology enhances the system's flexibility and stability by efficiently storing and releasing energy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of CSP technology, including its technical principles, application status, and latest developments. The technical principles involve concentrating sunlight onto a heat absorber using mirrors or lenses, heating a working fluid, and transferring the heat energy to a working medium to produce high-temperature, high-pressure steam that drives a steam turbine. CSP technology is categorized into Fresnel, tower, dish, and trough systems, each with its unique characteristics and applications. Globally, the operational capacity of CSP plants has exceeded 6.5GW, with significant contributions from countries like Spain, the United States, and China. Parabolic trough technology is the most widely deployed, followed by tower technology. The energy storage capacity of CSP power plants has also increased, with some plants capable of operating for extended hours. Recent research focuses on integrating CSP technology with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycles for higher thermal efficiency and reducing system volume and costs. Additionally, the application of phase change materials (PCM) and molten chloride salts in CSP systems is being explored for improved thermal storage capabilities. Concentrated solar thermal power technology, with its clean, renewable, and stable characteristics, is expected to play a crucial role in achieving global energy sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Continued technological innovation and policy support are essential to overcome challenges and enhance its position in the future energy structure.