Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Global Temperature Change: A Multi-Model Approach

This research works on the trend of atmospheric CO2 levels and global temperature change by deployment multiple forecasting models. Historical data from 1959 to 2021 is used for analysis by fitting polynomials, exponential function, and autoregressive models in the forecasting of CO2 concentration. ARIMA and hybrid ARMA-polynomial models are used in forecasting temperatures. The results showed that atmospheric CO2 can achieve 512-513 ppm by 2050 and 688-835 ppm by 2100. Global land-ocean temperature will increase to 1.25°C, 1.50°C, and 2°C in the years 2030, 2038, and 2051, respectively. We have proven high correlation between CO2 concentration and temperature change based on our model's having good reliability over approximately a seventy-year period. This research bears valuable information regarding future climate trends and underscores pressing needs for continued surveillance as well as mitigation efforts.