The noun “злодей” (evildoer) and its derivatives in dictionaries and translations into English and German (using the example of translations of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novella “Notes from the Dead House”)

The purpose of the study is to determine the main semantic differences between the Russian nouns “злодей” (evildoer), “злодейство” and “злодеяние” (evil deed) and their translational correspondences in English and German. The scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it compares the internal semantic structures of lexemes, which, according to dictionaries, are translation equivalents of each other in three different languages, and also explores translation options not recorded in dictionaries. As a result of the study, it is shown that in English and German there is a wide variety of translation options for these nouns, in which various semantic components are actualized and reflected in the Russian language in one stem -зл-. The main part of the translation options is related to the concept of crime, however, in both English and German there are lexemes that implement the concepts of deception, baseness, and meanness.