Zinc oxide nanoparticles made with Phyla nodiflora leaf extract have anti-hyperuricemic effect on monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis

The production of nanoparticles in the presence of biomaterials has become a promising substitute to traditional chemical and physical manufacturing procedures. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared using Phyla nodiflora leaf extracts as a natural reducing agent, along with distilled water. The nanoparticles were analysed using various methods such as transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential to examine their synthesis, structural morphology, chemical bonding, elemental composition, and crystalline structure. ZnO-NPs were orally provided for three weeks instead of usual drinking water to assess their therapeutic efficacy. Blood biochemical examinations were performed, including liver and kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and complete blood counts. The study exhibited a notable reduction in blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels, substantially alleviating hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. A slight increase in liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) was detected in the study groups, with no negative changes histopathologically found in the liver, muscle, or kidney tissues. The results indicate that ZnO-NPs have the potential to be an effective alternative to current pharmaceutical treatments for hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.