Impact of Synoptic Weather Patterns Along the Pacific Coastline of Japan on Tornado Wind Hazard Curves

Abstract The present study focuses on the wind hazard assessment along the Pacific coastline of Japan by categorizing tornado data based on synoptic weather patterns. The region faces unique challenges, including tornadoes occurring over the sea and a restricted area of interest along the coastline, leading to potential sampling issues. To address these challenges, the TOrnado Wind speed hazard for Limited Area (TOWLA) model was employed. Tornado data were classified into seven synoptic weather patterns. The hazard analysis conducted for each of these synoptic weather patterns along in the Pacific coastline region revealed that extra-tropical cyclones, typhoons, and monsoon (summer) were significant contributors to high-risk events. Monsoon (winter) had the highest tornado counts but lacked severity. Typhoons, exhibiting a distinct formation mechanism, presented a unique hazard factor along the Pacific coastline, which require verification through comparisons with other areas.