Private sensors and crowdsourced rainfall data: Accuracy and potential for modelling pluvial flooding in urban areas of Oslo, Norway

• Private rain gauges are valuable for urban flood modelling. • Private sensors accurately detect rain but may underestimate intensity. • Bias-corrected crowdsourced data may improve inundation modelling. • High potential of crowdsourced data for pluvial flood hazard modelling. Cloudbursts and extreme rainstorms pose a growing threat to urban areas. Accurate rainfall data is essential for predicting inundations and urban flooding. Private weather stations are becoming increasingly common, and their spatial distribution roughly follows population density. This makes them a valuable source of crowdsourced data for high-resolution rainfall fields in urban areas. We evaluated the performance of private rain gauges in two recent pluvial flood events in Oslo. We also explored the potential use of private rain gauge data in inundation models. Our results indicate that private sensors have excellent rain detection capabilities, but they tend to underestimate the reference value on average by approximately 25%. However, bias-corrected crowdsourced rainfall data can produce significantly more accurate inundation maps than those generated from official rain gauges, if compared with maps resulting from bias-corrected weather radar. Overall, our study highlights the potential of utilizing crowdsourced rainfall data from private sensors for accurately representing pluvial flooding in urban areas. These findings have significant implications for improving flood prediction and mitigation strategies in vulnerable urban settings.