Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Left L3–4 Extraforaminal Disc Herniation with Upward Migration Under Local Anesthesia

A 50-year-old man presented with chief complaints of low back pain and left lower limb radiculopathy. He was limping due to excruciating pain on walking, and his visual analogue scale score for left leg pain was 8 out of 10. He had these symptoms for 2 months after he fell down from his bike, with recent aggravation of pain. On examination, his left hip flexion was grade 4/5 and left knee extension was grade 3/5, with dysesthesia and numbness along the left anterolateral thigh. The patient underwent transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy) under local anesthesia with an excellent outcome. This video presents a step-by-step explanation of how to perform transforaminal lumbar discectomy.