Current Analytical Methods and Their Limitations in Quantifying Antidiabetic Drug Nateglinide and Repaglinide in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids

Pharmaceutical growth dominated a transformation in human health. These drugs need to attend to their target only, so they must be free from impurities and appropriately controlled. Due to that, diverse instrumental techniques were advanced at steady intervals to accomplish their intention to quantify the limits per the regulatory. NTG and RPG pharmaceuticals might generate impurities during the development phases, packing, and shipping, which could be risky to administer. Hence, detecting and quantifying them using various analytical techniques at multiple stages is necessary. This review highlights the function of different analytical methods, including UV–Vis, HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, HPLC/MS and UPLC/MS, in quantifying drugs, impurities and metabolites in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. Also, it discussed the specific advantages and limitations of individual techniques. It compared them regarding sensitivity, specificity, cost, time consumption, efficacy, and the practical challenges of implementing these analytical techniques in real-world settings to determine pharmaceuticals.