Neuroplasticity Meets Artificial Intelligence: A Hippocampus-Inspired Approach to the Stability–Plasticity Dilemma

The stability-plasticity dilemma remains a critical challenge in developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of continuous learning. This perspective paper presents a novel approach by drawing inspiration from the mammalian hippocampus-cortex system. We elucidate how this biological system's ability to balance rapid learning with long-term memory retention can inspire novel AI architectures. Our analysis focuses on key mechanisms, including complementary learning systems and memory consolidation, with emphasis on recent discoveries about sharp-wave ripples and barrages of action potentials. We propose innovative AI designs incorporating dual learning rates, offline consolidation, and dynamic plasticity modulation. This interdisciplinary approach offers a framework for more adaptive AI systems while providing insights into biological learning. We present testable predictions and discuss potential implementations and implications of these biologically inspired principles. By bridging neuroscience and AI, our perspective aims to catalyze advancements in both fields, potentially revolutionizing AI capabilities while deepening our understanding of neural processes.