Environmental Pollution by Household and Industrial Waste in the Central Federal District

Introduction. Production and consumption waste - substances or objects that are formed in the process of production, performance of work, provision of services or in the process of consumption, which are removed, intended for removal or are subject to removal Purpose. T he purpose of this study is to conclude the analysis of the problem of environmental pollution caused by household and industrial waste to identify the main sources of pollution in the Central Federal District Materials and Methods. The paper analyzes statistical data from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation and Rosstat, systematized by federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation, and calculates the absolute and relative annual increase in waste volume. Results. In the Russian Federation, waste generation increases by 6.0% on average annually; for 2003-2022, the average annual increase in the recorded waste mass, including industrial and production waste and municipal solid waste, was 64.038 million tons per year. Municipal solid waste (MSW) processing in the Russian Federation in 2022 amounted to 22.4 million tons. The Central Federal District stands out as the leader in processing 12 million tons of MSW, with a share of 53% of the total Russian volume. Moscow and the Moscow Region occupy a key position in the structure of the Central Federal District in waste processing, amounting to 48.9 million tons. This represents a significant share in the total volume of recycled waste, namely 42%. The total volume of neutralized MSW amounted to 1 million tons, which is 2% of the generated waste, 3 million tons were recycled (6.6% of the total mass of generated MSW). Conclusion. The obtained statistical data allow us to estimate the volume of generated industrial, production waste and municipal solid waste in the Central Federal District and to assess the level of their processing. The presented data also allow us to give the following recommendations on the direction of development of the waste management sphere in the Central Federal District: maximum use of raw materials and supplies; prevention and reduction of waste generation; processing, recycling, neutralization, placement of waste in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population .