The applications of nanocatalysts in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

Nanocatalysts in heterocyclic synthesis are a very important direction in producing eco-friendly compounds. These catalysts can be reused up to six times without losing their quantity and efficiency. Most of these nanocatalysts are cheap, available, economical and safe for the environment. In this review, I focused on the synthesis of furans, pyrans, chromenes and thiazoles from nanocatalysts. For example, pyranopyrazoles 8a-c were synthesized by the multicomponent reactions between aldehydes 4a-c, malononitrile (5), ethyl acetoacetate (6) and hydrazine hydrate (7) using titanium dioxide as a nanocatalyst. KEY WORDS: Heterocyclic, Chromenes, Nanocatalysts, Eco-friendly compounds Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 123-129. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.10