Phytoecdysteroids: Quantification in Selected Plant Species and Evaluation of Some Effects on Gastric Smooth Muscles

Phytoecdysteroids (PEs) are naturally occurring steroid compounds, that have recently gained significant attention, due to their diverse biological activities and high therapeutic potential. The aim of the present study was to quantify some PEs including 20-hydroxyecdysterone (20-HE), ponasterone A (PA), and turkesterone (TU) in selected plant foods and <i>Rhaponticum carthamoides</i> extract. Furthermore, the effects of 20-HE, TU, and <i>R. carthamoides</i> extract, were investigated with in vitro methods using isolated smooth muscle tissues. The levels of 20-HE in the analyzed samples exhibited significant differences, with kaniwa seed extract containing the highest amount, followed by spinach leaf extract, quinoa seed extract, and asparagus stem extract. The in vitro analyses suggested that <i>R. carthamoides</i> extract exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on smooth muscle cells, with low doses promoting contraction and higher doses inducing relaxation. Additionally, the extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on ACh-induced contractions, while 20-HE enhanced the contractile response. The current findings highlighted phytoecdysteroids' potential for modifying gastrointestinal motility.