Inverse transfer mechanisms in multinucleon transfer reactions

The proton transfer processes in multinucleon transfer reactions of $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{71}\mathrm{Ni}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at incident energies of about 1.1 Bass barrier are investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. A strong inverse multinucleon transfer effect is observed in the reaction $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. The relative height of the Fermi surface between two colliding nuclei dominates the direction of proton transfer in quasielastic and deep-inelastic collision processes. By analyzing the correlation between the charge distributions and the contact time of the reaction partners, we find that the deep-inelastic collision processes of the neutron-deficient system $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ have obvious advantages for producing the transtarget elements far from Pb. Up to 14 protons can be transferred from $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ to $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, resulting in a final cross section of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ mb.