Co-simulation and Crop Representation for Digital Twins of Controlled Environment Agriculture Systems

Cyber-biophysical systems are complex systems coupling a cyber-physical system to a biological entity. Such systems require the collaboration of multiple domain experts for their operation, which relies more on tacit knowledge than known optimal actions. Digital twins of cyber-biophysical systems provide a tool for operators to analyze and understand the complex behavior of their systems. However, digital twins must incorporate simulation and visualization services to represent the system, a vertical farm, in the case of controlled environment agriculture. To enable the operationalization of a vertical farm digital twin, we provide an overview of simulation and visualization services that enable the representation of multiple system concerns.