Cation reactivity inhibits perovskite degradation in efficient and stable solar modules
Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) show outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), but long-term operational stability remains problematic. We show that incorporating <i>N,N</i>-dimethylmethyleneiminium chloride into the perovskite precursor solution formed dimethylammonium cation and that previously unobserved methyl tetrahydrotriazinium ([MTTZ]<sup>+</sup>) cation effectively improved perovskite film. The in situ formation of [MTTZ]<sup>+</sup> cation increased the formation energy of iodine vacancies and enhanced the migration energy barrier of iodide and cesium ions, which suppressed nonradiative recombination, thermal decomposition, and phase segregation processes. The optimized PSMs achieved a record (certified) PCE of 23.2% with an aperture area of 27.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, with a stabilized PCE of 23.0%. The encapsulated PSM retained 87.0% of its initial PCE after ~1900 hours of maximum power point tracking at 85°C and 85% relative humidity under 1.0-sun illumination.
Authors
- Yaoguang Rong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-8213)
- Yahui Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-0064)
- Olga A. Syzgantseva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-4621)
- Xiaohe Miao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-609X)
- Jun Peng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-8744)
- Liqiang Mai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-7725)
- Andre Slonopas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-9553)
- Roland C. Turnell‐Ritson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9467)
- Enzheng Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-3858)
- Ruohan Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-1628)
- Cheng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-4428)
- Paul J. Dyson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-3249)
- İlhan Yavuz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-6268)
- Liming Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-9150)
- Kangning Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-4386)
- Patrick Dörflinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-3513)
- Xiaobin Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-832X)
- Vladimir Dyakonov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-9573)
- Ming Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-5648)
- Qinyou An (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-4942)
- Bin Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-0646)
- Jia Hong Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4812-4331)
- Yi Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-6856)
- Maria A. Syzgantseva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-104X)
- Yong Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-0979)
- Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-4786)
- Jean‐Nicolas Audinot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-7653)
- Jan Romano‐deGea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-4135)
- Rui Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-0752)
- Jiantao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-849X)
- Lei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-7324)
- Pengju Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8078-5882)
- Songyuan Dai
- Keith G. Brooks
- Jiang Sheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0945)
- Tao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3779-0466)
Institutions
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (RU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Guangxi University (CN)
- North China Electric Power University (CN)
- Wuhan University of Technology (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (RU)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- Westlake University (CN)
- Soochow University (CN)
- Changzhou Academy of Intelli-Ag Equipment (China) (CN)
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LU)
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CN)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Marmara University (TR)
- Hubei University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Science
- Published
- 2024-10-31
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado6619
- Citations
- 89
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 18.57