Deploying an Efficient Free Space Optical Network in the Presence of Different Environmental Turbulences

This paper aims to develop a reliable FSO device that can transfer information quickly and effectively, making it ideal for short-to-medium distances in metropolitan areas lacking radio recurrence groups or linkages. The proposed system will be tested in light air, light rain, medium rain, and heavy rain, with attenuation values of 0.47, 1.988, 5.844, and 9.29 dB/km. Optisystem software version 21 will be used to evaluate the system's QF. Results obtained show that the implemented system can deliver signals 25 km distant in clear air, 12 km in light rain, 10 km in medium rain, and less than 6 km in severe rain. The method's performance with NRZ and RZ modulation formats is also examined. NRZ modulation is simpler to set up and requires less equipment than RZ modulation, and it reduces optical cable dispersion from light rain. NRZ is effective within 10 kilometers, while RZ handles dispersion and maintains synchronization better for extended broadcasts.