UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna for Dielectric Material Measurement System

This paper presents the development of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Microstrip Patch Antenna for dielectric measurement systems, aimed at overcoming the bandwidth limitations of conventional monopole antennas. The antenna design evolved from a hexagonal (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$50.0 \text{mm } \ \mathrm{x}49.8$</tex> mm) to an octagonal structure (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$59.6 \text{mm} \ \mathrm{x}60.3$</tex> mm), expanding the bandwidth from 2.38 GHz to 11.38 GHz and improving performance metrics such as gain and S11 return loss. The design process, using CST simulation software, employed an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon\mathrm{r}=4.3$</tex> • Key results include a bandwidth exceeding 8.5 GHz, gains of 5.634 dB at 6.5GHz and 5.418 dB at 12 GHz, and an efficiency of over 97.5% across multiple frequencies. Different materials were tested, showing varied resonance and efficiency, with glass providing strong resonance and White Eraser offering wide response. The antenna meets and exceeds performance objectives, providing broad bandwidth, high performance, and accurate dielectric measurements. This work advances UWB antenna technology, offering significant contributions to electronics and telecommunications by introducing efficient and intelligent antenna solutions.