Optimal V2G Commitment in Multi-unit Residential Buildings

This work studies the cost-effectiveness of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in residential applications and presents a self-maintained and scalable solution for optimizing the scheduling of a cluster of V2G units distributed across multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs). The mathematical model takes into account both the revenue and costs associated with a self-committed V2G technique, serving electric markets for ancillary services and regulation. The proposed mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model establishes cost-effectiveness boundaries for V2G techniques, to maximize availability at minimal cost and minimize degradation of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The outcomes demonstrate that utilizing V2G for the sole purpose of selling electricity to the grid may not be an optimal choice for households equipped with small-rated charging units. However, the prospect of V2G adoption becomes more promising in MURBs, where the deployment of larger V2G units with higher power outputs is well-suited for efficient utilization during peak hours. The study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and limitations of V2G integration in diverse residential settings.