Effects of soy on fertility: Current evidence and controversies

The impact of soy consumption on fertility has been a subject of ongoing debate. Soy contains phytoestrogens such as isoflavones, which have a chemical structure similar to estrogen and can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, influencing fertility outcomes. Animal studies have demonstrated that high soy or isoflavone levels may disrupt the hormonal balance and negatively affect fertility. However, human studies have reported conflicting results, with some indicating no association and others showing a strong association between soy consumption and infertility. Variability in study designs, populations, lack of randomized controlled trials, inadequate understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and dietary intake assessment methods contribute to inconclusive findings. While some studies have suggested potential concerns about soy and fertility, the overall evidence remains inconclusive, and further research is required to elucidate this complex relationship. Personalized advice from healthcare professionals remains optimal for individuals with fertility issues.